/*
 * Copyright 2002-2004 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.beans;

import java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent;
import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
import java.beans.PropertyEditor;
import java.beans.PropertyEditorManager;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.ByteArrayPropertyEditor;
import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.ClassEditor;
import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.CustomBooleanEditor;
import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.CustomNumberEditor;
import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.FileEditor;
import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.InputStreamEditor;
import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.LocaleEditor;
import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.PropertiesEditor;
import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.StringArrayPropertyEditor;
import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.URLEditor;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

/**
 * Default implementation of the BeanWrapper interface that should be sufficient
 * for all normal uses. Caches introspection results for efficiency.
 *
 * <p>Note: This class never tries to load a class by name, as this can pose
 * class loading problems in J2EE applications with multiple deployment modules.
 * The caller is responsible for loading a target class.
 *
 * <p>Note: Auto-registers all default property editors (not the custom ones)
 * in the org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors package.
 * Applications can either use a standard PropertyEditorManager to register a
 * custom editor before using a BeanWrapperImpl instance, or call the instance's
 * registerCustomEditor method to register an editor for the particular instance.
 *
 * <p>BeanWrapperImpl will convert List and array values to the corresponding
 * target arrays, if necessary. Custom property editors that deal with Lists or
 * arrays can be written against a comma delimited String as String arrays are
 * converted in such a format if the array itself is not assignable.
 *
 * @author Rod Johnson
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Jean-Pierre Pawlak
 * @since 15 April 2001
 * @version $Id: BeanWrapperImpl.java,v 1.41 2004/06/02 00:47:17 jhoeller Exp $
 * @see #registerCustomEditor
 * @see java.beans.PropertyEditorManager
 * @see org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.ClassEditor
 * @see org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.FileEditor
 * @see org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.LocaleEditor
 * @see org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.PropertiesEditor
 * @see org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.StringArrayPropertyEditor
 * @see org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.URLEditor
 */
public class BeanWrapperImpl implements BeanWrapper {

	/** We'll create a lot of these objects, so we don't want a new logger every time */
	private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(BeanWrapperImpl.class);


	//---------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Instance data
	//---------------------------------------------------------------------

	/** The wrapped object */
	private Object object;

	/** The nested path of the object */
	private String nestedPath = "";

	/** Registry for default PropertyEditors */
	private final Map defaultEditors;

	/** Map with custom PropertyEditor instances */
	private Map customEditors;

	/**
	 * Cached introspections results for this object, to prevent encountering the cost
	 * of JavaBeans introspection every time.
	 */
	private CachedIntrospectionResults cachedIntrospectionResults;

	/* Map with cached nested BeanWrappers */
	private Map nestedBeanWrappers;


	//---------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Constructors
	//---------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Create new empty BeanWrapperImpl. Wrapped instance needs to be set afterwards.
	 * @see #setWrappedInstance
	 */
	public BeanWrapperImpl() {
		// Register default editors in this class, for restricted environments.
		// We're not using the JRE's PropertyEditorManager to avoid potential
		// SecurityExceptions when running in a SecurityManager.
		this.defaultEditors = new HashMap(16);

		// Simple editors, without parameterization capabilities.
		this.defaultEditors.put(byte[].class, new ByteArrayPropertyEditor());
		this.defaultEditors.put(Class.class, new ClassEditor());
		this.defaultEditors.put(File.class, new FileEditor());
		this.defaultEditors.put(InputStream.class, new InputStreamEditor());
		this.defaultEditors.put(Locale.class, new LocaleEditor());
		this.defaultEditors.put(Properties.class, new PropertiesEditor());
		this.defaultEditors.put(String[].class, new StringArrayPropertyEditor());
		this.defaultEditors.put(URL.class, new URLEditor());

		// Default instances of parameterizable editors.
		// Can be overridden by registering custom instances of those as custom editors.
		this.defaultEditors.put(Boolean.class, new CustomBooleanEditor(false));
		this.defaultEditors.put(Short.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Short.class, false));
		this.defaultEditors.put(Integer.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Integer.class, false));
		this.defaultEditors.put(Long.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Long.class, false));
		this.defaultEditors.put(BigInteger.class, new CustomNumberEditor(BigInteger.class, false));
		this.defaultEditors.put(Float.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Float.class, false));
		this.defaultEditors.put(Double.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Double.class, false));
		this.defaultEditors.put(BigDecimal.class, new CustomNumberEditor(BigDecimal.class, false));
	}

	/**
	 * Create new BeanWrapperImpl for the given object.
	 * @param object object wrapped by this BeanWrapper
	 */
	public BeanWrapperImpl(Object object) {
		this();
		setWrappedInstance(object);
	}

	/**
	 * Create new BeanWrapperImpl, wrapping a new instance of the specified class.
	 * @param clazz class to instantiate and wrap
	 */
	public BeanWrapperImpl(Class clazz) {
		this();
		setWrappedInstance(BeanUtils.instantiateClass(clazz));
	}

	/**
	 * Create new BeanWrapperImpl for the given object,
	 * registering a nested path that the object is in.
	 * @param object object wrapped by this BeanWrapper.
	 * @param nestedPath the nested path of the object
	 */
	public BeanWrapperImpl(Object object, String nestedPath) {
		this();
		setWrappedInstance(object, nestedPath);
	}

	/**
	 * Create new BeanWrapperImpl for the given object,
	 * registering a nested path that the object is in.
	 * @param object object wrapped by this BeanWrapper.
	 * @param nestedPath the nested path of the object
	 * @param superBw the containing BeanWrapper (must not be null)
	 */
	private BeanWrapperImpl(Object object, String nestedPath, BeanWrapperImpl superBw) {
		this.defaultEditors = superBw.defaultEditors;
		setWrappedInstance(object, nestedPath);
	}


	//---------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Implementation of BeanWrapper
	//---------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Switch the target object, replacing the cached introspection results only
	 * if the class of the new object is different to that of the replaced object.
	 * @param object new target
	 */
	public void setWrappedInstance(Object object) {
		setWrappedInstance(object, "");
	}

	/**
	 * Switch the target object, replacing the cached introspection results only
	 * if the class of the new object is different to that of the replaced object.
	 * @param object new target
	 * @param nestedPath the nested path of the object
	 */
	public void setWrappedInstance(Object object, String nestedPath) {
		if (object == null) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot set BeanWrapperImpl target to a null object");
		}
		this.object = object;
		this.nestedPath = nestedPath;
		this.nestedBeanWrappers = null;
		if (this.cachedIntrospectionResults == null ||
		    !this.cachedIntrospectionResults.getBeanClass().equals(object.getClass())) {
			this.cachedIntrospectionResults = CachedIntrospectionResults.forClass(object.getClass());
		}
	}

	public Object getWrappedInstance() {
		return this.object;
	}

	public Class getWrappedClass() {
		return this.object.getClass();
	}

	public void registerCustomEditor(Class requiredType, PropertyEditor propertyEditor) {
		registerCustomEditor(requiredType, null, propertyEditor);
	}

	public void registerCustomEditor(Class requiredType, String propertyPath, PropertyEditor propertyEditor) {
		if (propertyPath != null) {
			List bws = getBeanWrappersForPropertyPath(propertyPath);
			for (Iterator it = bws.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
				BeanWrapperImpl bw = (BeanWrapperImpl) it.next();
				bw.doRegisterCustomEditor(requiredType, getFinalPath(bw, propertyPath), propertyEditor);
			}
		}
		else {
			doRegisterCustomEditor(requiredType, propertyPath, propertyEditor);
		}
	}

	private void doRegisterCustomEditor(Class requiredType, String propertyName, PropertyEditor propertyEditor) {
		if (this.customEditors == null) {
			this.customEditors = new HashMap();
		}
		if (propertyName != null) {
			this.customEditors.put(propertyName, propertyEditor);
		}
		else {
			if (requiredType == null) {
				throw new IllegalArgumentException("No propertyName and no requiredType specified");
			}
			this.customEditors.put(requiredType, propertyEditor);
		}
	}

	public PropertyEditor findCustomEditor(Class requiredType, String propertyPath) {
		if (propertyPath != null) {
			BeanWrapperImpl nestedBw = getBeanWrapperForPropertyPath(propertyPath);
			return nestedBw.doFindCustomEditor(requiredType, getFinalPath(nestedBw, propertyPath));
		}
		else {
			return doFindCustomEditor(requiredType, propertyPath);
		}
	}

	private PropertyEditor doFindCustomEditor(Class requiredType, String propertyName) {
		if (this.customEditors == null) {
			return null;
		}
		if (propertyName != null) {
			// check property-specific editor first
			try {
				PropertyEditor editor = (PropertyEditor) this.customEditors.get(propertyName);
				if (editor == null) {
					int keyIndex = propertyName.indexOf('[');
					if (keyIndex != -1) {
						editor = (PropertyEditor) this.customEditors.get(propertyName.substring(0, keyIndex));
					}
				}
				if (editor != null) {
					return editor;
				}
				else {
					if (requiredType == null) {
						// try property type
						requiredType = getPropertyDescriptor(propertyName).getPropertyType();
					}
				}
			}
			catch (InvalidPropertyException ex) {
				// probably an indexed or mapped property
				// we need to retrieve the value to determine the type
				Object value = getPropertyValue(propertyName);
				if (value == null) {
					return null;
				}
				requiredType = value.getClass();
			}
		}
		// no property-specific editor -> check type-specific editor
		return (PropertyEditor) this.customEditors.get(requiredType);
	}


	/**
	 * Get the last component of the path. Also works if not nested.
	 * @param bw BeanWrapper to work on
	 * @param nestedPath property path we know is nested
	 * @return last component of the path (the property on the target bean)
	 */
	private String getFinalPath(BeanWrapper bw, String nestedPath) {
		if (bw == this) {
			return nestedPath;
		}
		return nestedPath.substring(nestedPath.lastIndexOf(NESTED_PROPERTY_SEPARATOR) + 1);
	}

	/**
	 * Recursively navigate to return a BeanWrapper for the nested property path.
	 * @param propertyPath property property path, which may be nested
	 * @return a BeanWrapper for the target bean
	 */
	private BeanWrapperImpl getBeanWrapperForPropertyPath(String propertyPath) throws BeansException {
		int pos = propertyPath.indexOf(NESTED_PROPERTY_SEPARATOR);
		// handle nested properties recursively
		if (pos > -1) {
			String nestedProperty = propertyPath.substring(0, pos);
			String nestedPath = propertyPath.substring(pos + 1);
			BeanWrapperImpl nestedBw = getNestedBeanWrapper(nestedProperty);
			return nestedBw.getBeanWrapperForPropertyPath(nestedPath);
		}
		else {
			return this;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Recursively navigate to return a BeanWrapper for the nested property path.
	 * In case of an indexed or mapped property, all BeanWrappers that apply will
	 * be returned.
	 * @param propertyPath property property path, which may be nested
	 * @return a BeanWrapper for the target bean
	 */
	private List getBeanWrappersForPropertyPath(String propertyPath) throws BeansException {
		List beanWrappers = new ArrayList();
		int pos = propertyPath.indexOf(NESTED_PROPERTY_SEPARATOR);
		// handle nested properties recursively
		if (pos > -1) {
			String nestedProperty = propertyPath.substring(0, pos);
			String nestedPath = propertyPath.substring(pos + 1);
			if (nestedProperty.indexOf('[') == -1) {
				Class propertyType = getPropertyDescriptor(nestedProperty).getPropertyType();
				if (propertyType.isArray()) {
					Object[] array = (Object[]) getPropertyValue(nestedProperty);
					for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
						beanWrappers.addAll(
								getBeanWrappersForNestedProperty(nestedProperty + PROPERTY_KEY_PREFIX + i + PROPERTY_KEY_SUFFIX,
																								 nestedPath));
					}
					return beanWrappers;
				}
				else if (List.class.isAssignableFrom(propertyType)) {
					List list = (List) getPropertyValue(nestedProperty);
					for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
						beanWrappers.addAll(
								getBeanWrappersForNestedProperty(nestedProperty + PROPERTY_KEY_PREFIX + i + PROPERTY_KEY_SUFFIX,
																								 nestedPath));
					}
					return beanWrappers;
				}
				else if (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(propertyType)) {
					Map map = (Map) getPropertyValue(nestedProperty);
					for (Iterator it = map.keySet().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
						beanWrappers.addAll(
								getBeanWrappersForNestedProperty(nestedProperty + PROPERTY_KEY_PREFIX + it.next() + PROPERTY_KEY_SUFFIX,
																								 nestedPath));
					}
					return beanWrappers;
				}
			}
			beanWrappers.addAll(getBeanWrappersForNestedProperty(nestedProperty, nestedPath));
			return beanWrappers;
		}
		else {
			beanWrappers.add(this);
			return beanWrappers;
		}
	}

	private List getBeanWrappersForNestedProperty(String nestedProperty, String nestedPath) throws BeansException {
		BeanWrapperImpl nestedBw = getNestedBeanWrapper(nestedProperty);
		return nestedBw.getBeanWrappersForPropertyPath(nestedPath);
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieve a BeanWrapper for the given nested property.
	 * Create a new one if not found in the cache.
	 * <p>Note: Caching nested BeanWrappers is necessary now,
	 * to keep registered custom editors for nested properties.
	 * @param nestedProperty property to create the BeanWrapper for
	 * @return the BeanWrapper instance, either cached or newly created
	 */
	private BeanWrapperImpl getNestedBeanWrapper(String nestedProperty) throws BeansException {
		if (this.nestedBeanWrappers == null) {
			this.nestedBeanWrappers = new HashMap();
		}
		// get value of bean property
		String[] tokens = getPropertyNameTokens(nestedProperty);
		Object propertyValue = getPropertyValue(tokens[0], tokens[1], tokens[2]);
		String canonicalName = tokens[0];
		if (propertyValue == null) {
			throw new NullValueInNestedPathException(getWrappedClass(), this.nestedPath + canonicalName);
		}

		// lookup cached sub-BeanWrapper, create new one if not found
		BeanWrapperImpl nestedBw = (BeanWrapperImpl) this.nestedBeanWrappers.get(canonicalName);
		if (nestedBw == null) {
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Creating new nested BeanWrapper for property '" + canonicalName + "'");
			}
			nestedBw = new BeanWrapperImpl(propertyValue, this.nestedPath + canonicalName + NESTED_PROPERTY_SEPARATOR,
																		 this);
			// inherit all type-specific PropertyEditors
			if (this.customEditors != null) {
				for (Iterator it = this.customEditors.keySet().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
					Object key = it.next();
					if (key instanceof Class) {
						Class requiredType = (Class) key;
						PropertyEditor propertyEditor = (PropertyEditor) this.customEditors.get(key);
						nestedBw.registerCustomEditor(requiredType, propertyEditor);
					}
				}
			}
			this.nestedBeanWrappers.put(canonicalName, nestedBw);
		}
		else {
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Using cached nested BeanWrapper for property '" + canonicalName + "'");
			}
		}
		return nestedBw;
	}

	private String[] getPropertyNameTokens(String propertyName) {
		String actualName = propertyName;
		String key = null;
		int keyStart = propertyName.indexOf('[');
		if (keyStart != -1 && propertyName.endsWith("]")) {
			actualName = propertyName.substring(0, keyStart);
			key = propertyName.substring(keyStart + 1, propertyName.length() - 1);
			if (key.startsWith("'") && key.endsWith("'")) {
				key = key.substring(1, key.length() - 1);
			}
			else if (key.startsWith("\"") && key.endsWith("\"")) {
				key = key.substring(1, key.length() - 1);
			}
		}
		String canonicalName = actualName;
		if (key != null) {
			canonicalName += PROPERTY_KEY_PREFIX + key + PROPERTY_KEY_SUFFIX;
		}
		return new String[] {canonicalName, actualName, key};
	}


	public Object getPropertyValue(String propertyName) throws BeansException {
		BeanWrapperImpl nestedBw = getBeanWrapperForPropertyPath(propertyName);
		String[] tokens = getPropertyNameTokens(getFinalPath(nestedBw, propertyName));
		return nestedBw.getPropertyValue(tokens[0], tokens[1], tokens[2]);
	}

	private Object getPropertyValue(String propertyName, String actualName, String key) throws BeansException {
		PropertyDescriptor pd = getPropertyDescriptorInternal(actualName);
		if (pd == null || pd.getReadMethod() == null) {
			throw new NotReadablePropertyException(getWrappedClass(), this.nestedPath + propertyName);
		}
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled())
			logger.debug("About to invoke read method [" + pd.getReadMethod() +
			             "] on object of class [" + this.object.getClass().getName() + "]");
		try {
			Object value = pd.getReadMethod().invoke(this.object, null);
			if (key != null) {
				if (value == null) {
					throw new NullValueInNestedPathException(getWrappedClass(), this.nestedPath + propertyName,
																									 "Cannot access indexed value of property referenced in indexed " +
																									 "property path '" + propertyName + "': returned null");
				}
				else if (value.getClass().isArray()) {
					return Array.get(value, Integer.parseInt(key));
				}
				else if (value instanceof List) {
					List list = (List) value;
					return list.get(Integer.parseInt(key));
				}
				else if (value instanceof Set) {
					// apply index to Iterator in case of a Set
					Set set = (Set) value;
					int index = Integer.parseInt(key);
					Iterator it = set.iterator();
					for (int i = 0; it.hasNext(); i++) {
						Object elem = it.next();
						if (i == index) {
							return elem;
						}
					}
					throw new InvalidPropertyException(getWrappedClass(), this.nestedPath + propertyName,
																						 "Cannot get element with index " + index + " from Set of size " +
																						 set.size() + ", accessed using property path '" + propertyName + "'");
				}
				else if (value instanceof Map) {
					Map map = (Map) value;
					return map.get(key);
				}
				else {
					throw new InvalidPropertyException(getWrappedClass(), this.nestedPath + propertyName,
																						 "Property referenced in indexed property path '" + propertyName +
																						 "' is neither an array nor a List nor a Map; returned value was [" +
																						 value + "]");
				}
			}
			else {
				return value;
			}
		}
		catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
			throw new InvalidPropertyException(getWrappedClass(), this.nestedPath + propertyName,
																				 "Getter for property '" + actualName + "' threw exception", ex);
		}
		catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
			throw new InvalidPropertyException(getWrappedClass(), this.nestedPath + propertyName,
																				 "Illegal attempt to get property '" + actualName + "' threw exception", ex);
		}
		catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
			throw new InvalidPropertyException(getWrappedClass(), this.nestedPath + propertyName,
																				 "Index of out of bounds in property path '" + propertyName + "'", ex);
		}
		catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
			throw new InvalidPropertyException(getWrappedClass(), this.nestedPath + propertyName,
																				 "Invalid index in property path '" + propertyName + "'", ex);
		}
	}

	public void setPropertyValue(String propertyName, Object value) throws BeansException {
		BeanWrapperImpl nestedBw = null;
		try {
			nestedBw = getBeanWrapperForPropertyPath(propertyName);
		}
		catch (NotReadablePropertyException ex) {
			throw new NotWritablePropertyException(getWrappedClass(), this.nestedPath + propertyName,
																						 "Nested property in path '" + propertyName + "' does not exist",
																						 ex);
		}
		String[] tokens = getPropertyNameTokens(getFinalPath(nestedBw, propertyName));
		nestedBw.setPropertyValue(tokens[0], tokens[1], tokens[2], value);
	}

	private void setPropertyValue(String propertyName, String actualName, String key, Object value)
			throws BeansException {
		if (key != null) {
			Object propValue = null;
			try {
				propValue = getPropertyValue(actualName);
			}
			catch (NotReadablePropertyException ex) {
				throw new NotWritablePropertyException(getWrappedClass(), this.nestedPath + propertyName,
																							 "Cannot access indexed value in property referenced " +
																							 "in indexed property path '" + propertyName + "'",
																							 ex);
			}
			if (propValue == null) {
				throw new NullValueInNestedPathException(getWrappedClass(), this.nestedPath + propertyName,
																								 "Cannot access indexed value in property referenced " +
																								 "in indexed property path '" + propertyName + "': returned null");
			}
			else if (propValue.getClass().isArray()) {
				Object newValue = doTypeConversionIfNecessary(propertyName, propertyName, null, value,
																											propValue.getClass().getComponentType());
				Array.set(propValue, Integer.parseInt(key), newValue);
			}
			else if (propValue instanceof List) {
				Object newValue = doTypeConversionIfNecessary(propertyName, propertyName, null, value, null);
				List list = (List) propValue;
				int index = Integer.parseInt(key);
				if (index < list.size()) {
					list.set(index, newValue);
				}
				else if (index >= list.size()) {
					for (int i = list.size(); i < index; i++) {
						try {
							list.add(null);
						}
						catch (NullPointerException ex) {
							throw new InvalidPropertyException(getWrappedClass(), this.nestedPath + propertyName,
																								 "Cannot set element with index " + index + " in List of size " +
																								 list.size() + ", accessed using property path '" + propertyName +
																								 "': List does not support filling up gaps with null elements");
						}
					}
					list.add(newValue);
				}
			}
			else if (propValue instanceof Map) {
				Object newValue = doTypeConversionIfNecessary(propertyName, propertyName, null, value, null);
				Map map = (Map) propValue;
				map.put(key, newValue);
			}
			else {
				throw new InvalidPropertyException(getWrappedClass(), this.nestedPath + propertyName,
																					 "Property referenced in indexed property path '" + propertyName +
																					 "' is neither an array nor a List nor a Map; returned value was [" +
																					 value + "]");
			}
		}
		else {
			if (!isWritableProperty(propertyName)) {
				throw new NotWritablePropertyException(getWrappedClass(), this.nestedPath + propertyName);
			}
			PropertyDescriptor pd = getPropertyDescriptor(propertyName);
			Method writeMethod = pd.getWriteMethod();
			Object newValue = null;
			try {
				// old value may still be null
				newValue = doTypeConversionIfNecessary(propertyName, propertyName, null, value, pd.getPropertyType());

				if (pd.getPropertyType().isPrimitive() &&
						(newValue == null || "".equals(newValue))) {
					throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid value [" + value + "] for property '" +
								pd.getName() + "' of primitive type [" + pd.getPropertyType() + "]");
				}

				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("About to invoke write method [" + writeMethod +
											 "] on object of class [" + object.getClass().getName() + "]");
				}
				writeMethod.invoke(this.object, new Object[] { newValue });
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					String msg = "Invoked write method [" + writeMethod + "] with value ";
					// only cause toString invocation of new value in case of simple property
					if (newValue == null || BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(pd.getPropertyType())) {
						logger.debug(msg + PROPERTY_KEY_PREFIX + newValue + PROPERTY_KEY_SUFFIX);
					}
					else {
						logger.debug(msg + "of type [" + pd.getPropertyType().getName() + "]");
					}
				}
			}
			catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
				PropertyChangeEvent propertyChangeEvent = new PropertyChangeEvent(this.object, this.nestedPath + propertyName,
																																					null, newValue);
				if (ex.getTargetException() instanceof ClassCastException) {
					throw new TypeMismatchException(propertyChangeEvent, pd.getPropertyType(), ex.getTargetException());
				}
				else {
					throw new MethodInvocationException(propertyChangeEvent, ex.getTargetException());
				}
			}
			catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
				PropertyChangeEvent propertyChangeEvent = new PropertyChangeEvent(this.object, this.nestedPath + propertyName,
																																					null, newValue);
				throw new TypeMismatchException(propertyChangeEvent, pd.getPropertyType(), ex);
			}
			catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
				PropertyChangeEvent propertyChangeEvent = new PropertyChangeEvent(this.object, this.nestedPath + propertyName,
																																					null, newValue);
				throw new MethodInvocationException(propertyChangeEvent, ex);
			}
		}
	}

	public void setPropertyValue(PropertyValue pv) throws BeansException {
		setPropertyValue(pv.getName(), pv.getValue());
	}

	/**
	 * Bulk update from a Map.
	 * Bulk updates from PropertyValues are more powerful: this method is
	 * provided for convenience.
	 * @param map map containing properties to set, as name-value pairs.
	 * The map may include nested properties.
	 * @throws BeansException if there's a fatal, low-level exception
	 */
	public void setPropertyValues(Map map) throws BeansException {
		setPropertyValues(new MutablePropertyValues(map));
	}

	public void setPropertyValues(PropertyValues pvs) throws BeansException {
		setPropertyValues(pvs, false);
	}

	public void setPropertyValues(PropertyValues propertyValues, boolean ignoreUnknown) throws BeansException {
		List propertyAccessExceptions = new ArrayList();
		PropertyValue[] pvs = propertyValues.getPropertyValues();
		for (int i = 0; i < pvs.length; i++) {
			try {
				// This method may throw any BeansException, which won't be caught
				// here, if there is a critical failure such as no matching field.
				// We can attempt to deal only with less serious exceptions.
				setPropertyValue(pvs[i]);
			}
			catch (NotWritablePropertyException ex) {
				if (!ignoreUnknown) {
					throw ex;
				}
				// otherwise, just ignore it and continue...
			}
			catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
				propertyAccessExceptions.add(ex);
			}
			catch (MethodInvocationException ex) {
				propertyAccessExceptions.add(ex);
			}
		}

		// If we encountered individual exceptions, throw the composite exception.
		if (!propertyAccessExceptions.isEmpty()) {
			Object[] paeArray = propertyAccessExceptions.toArray(new PropertyAccessException[propertyAccessExceptions.size()]);
			throw new PropertyAccessExceptionsException(this, (PropertyAccessException[]) paeArray);
		}
	}

	private PropertyChangeEvent createPropertyChangeEvent(String propertyName, Object oldValue, Object newValue)
			throws BeansException {
		return new PropertyChangeEvent((this.object != null ? this.object : "constructor"),
		                               (propertyName != null ? this.nestedPath + propertyName : null),
																	 oldValue, newValue);
	}

	/**
	 * Convert the value to the required type (if necessary from a String).
	 * Conversions from String to any type use the setAsText() method of
	 * the PropertyEditor class. Note that a PropertyEditor must be registered
	 * for this class for this to work. This is a standard Java Beans API.
	 * A number of property editors are automatically registered by this class.
	 * @param newValue proposed change value.
	 * @param requiredType type we must convert to
	 * @throws BeansException if there is an internal error
	 * @return new value, possibly the result of type convertion
	 */
	public Object doTypeConversionIfNecessary(Object newValue, Class requiredType) throws BeansException {
		return doTypeConversionIfNecessary(null, null, null, newValue, requiredType);
	}

	/**
	 * Convert the value to the required type (if necessary from a String),
	 * for the specified property.
	 * @param propertyName name of the property
	 * @param oldValue previous value, if available (may be null)
	 * @param newValue proposed change value.
	 * @param requiredType type we must convert to
	 * @throws BeansException if there is an internal error
	 * @return new value, possibly the result of type convertion
	 */
	protected Object doTypeConversionIfNecessary(String propertyName, String fullPropertyName,
																							 Object oldValue, Object newValue,
																							 Class requiredType) throws BeansException {
		if (newValue != null) {

			if (requiredType != null && requiredType.isArray()) {
				// convert individual elements to array elements
				Class componentType = requiredType.getComponentType();
				if (newValue instanceof List) {
					List list = (List) newValue;
					Object result = Array.newInstance(componentType, list.size());
					for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
						Object value = doTypeConversionIfNecessary(propertyName,
																											 propertyName + PROPERTY_KEY_PREFIX + i + PROPERTY_KEY_SUFFIX,
																											 null, list.get(i), componentType);
						Array.set(result, i, value);
					}
					return result;
				}
				else if (newValue instanceof Object[]) {
					Object[] array = (Object[]) newValue;
					Object result = Array.newInstance(componentType, array.length);
					for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
						Object value = doTypeConversionIfNecessary(propertyName,
																											 propertyName + PROPERTY_KEY_PREFIX + i + PROPERTY_KEY_SUFFIX,
																											 null, array[i], componentType);
						Array.set(result, i, value);
					}
					return result;
				}
			}

			// custom editor for this type?
			PropertyEditor pe = findCustomEditor(requiredType, fullPropertyName);

			// value not of required type?
			if (pe != null || (requiredType != null && !requiredType.isAssignableFrom(newValue.getClass()))) {

				if (pe == null && requiredType != null) {
					// no custom editor -> check BeanWrapperImpl's default editors
					pe = (PropertyEditor) this.defaultEditors.get(requiredType);
					if (pe == null) {
						// no BeanWrapper default editor -> check standard JavaBean editors
						pe = PropertyEditorManager.findEditor(requiredType);
					}
				}

				if (newValue instanceof String[]) {
					if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
						logger.debug("Converting String array to comma-delimited String [" + newValue + "]");
					}
					newValue = StringUtils.arrayToCommaDelimitedString((String[]) newValue);
				}

				if (newValue instanceof String) {
					if (pe != null) {
						// use PropertyEditor's setAsText in case of a String value
						if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
							logger.debug("Converting String to [" + requiredType + "] using property editor [" + pe + "]");
						}
						try {
							pe.setAsText((String) newValue);
							newValue = pe.getValue();
						}
						catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
							throw new TypeMismatchException(createPropertyChangeEvent(fullPropertyName, oldValue, newValue),
																							requiredType, ex);
						}
					}
					else {
						throw new TypeMismatchException(createPropertyChangeEvent(fullPropertyName, oldValue, newValue),
																						requiredType);
					}
				}

				else if (pe != null) {
					// Not a String -> use PropertyEditor's setValue.
					// With standard PropertyEditors, this will return the very same object;
					// we just want to allow special PropertyEditors to override setValue
					// for type conversion from non-String values to the required type.
					try {
						pe.setValue(newValue);
						newValue = pe.getValue();
					}
					catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
						throw new TypeMismatchException(createPropertyChangeEvent(fullPropertyName, oldValue, newValue),
																						requiredType, ex);
					}
				}
			}

			if (requiredType != null && requiredType.isArray() && !newValue.getClass().isArray()) {
				Class componentType = requiredType.getComponentType();
				Object result = Array.newInstance(componentType, 1) ;
				Object val = doTypeConversionIfNecessary(propertyName, propertyName + "[0]",
																								 null, newValue, componentType);
				Array.set(result, 0, val) ;
				return result;
			}
		}

		return newValue;
	}


	public PropertyDescriptor[] getPropertyDescriptors() {
		return this.cachedIntrospectionResults.getBeanInfo().getPropertyDescriptors();
	}

	public PropertyDescriptor getPropertyDescriptor(String propertyName) throws BeansException {
		if (propertyName == null) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't find property descriptor for null property");
		}
		PropertyDescriptor pd = getPropertyDescriptorInternal(propertyName);
		if (pd != null) {
			return pd;
		}
		else {
			throw new InvalidPropertyException(getWrappedClass(), this.nestedPath + propertyName,
																				 "No property '" + propertyName + "' found");
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Internal version of getPropertyDescriptor:
	 * Returns null if not found rather than throwing an exception.
	 */
	protected PropertyDescriptor getPropertyDescriptorInternal(String propertyName) throws BeansException {
		BeanWrapperImpl nestedBw = getBeanWrapperForPropertyPath(propertyName);
		return nestedBw.cachedIntrospectionResults.getPropertyDescriptor(getFinalPath(nestedBw, propertyName));
	}

	public Class getPropertyType(String propertyName) throws BeansException {
		Class type = null;
		try {
			type = getPropertyDescriptor(propertyName).getPropertyType();
		}
		catch (InvalidPropertyException ex) {
			// probably an indexed or mapped element
			Object value = getPropertyValue(propertyName);
			if (value != null) {
				type = value.getClass();
			}
		}
		return type;
	}

	public boolean isReadableProperty(String propertyName) {
		// This is a programming error, although asking for a property
		// that doesn't exist is not.
		if (propertyName == null) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't find readability status for null property");
		}
		try {
			PropertyDescriptor pd = getPropertyDescriptorInternal(propertyName);
			return (pd != null && pd.getReadMethod() != null);
		}
		catch (InvalidPropertyException ex) {
			// doesn't exist, so can't be readable
			return false;
		}
	}

	public boolean isWritableProperty(String propertyName) {
		// This is a programming error, although asking for a property
		// that doesn't exist is not.
		if (propertyName == null) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't find writability status for null property");
		}
		try {
			PropertyDescriptor pd = getPropertyDescriptorInternal(propertyName);
			return (pd != null && pd.getWriteMethod() != null);
		}
		catch (InvalidPropertyException ex) {
			// doesn't exist, so can't be writable
			return false;
		}
	}


	//---------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Diagnostics
	//---------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * This method is expensive! Only call for diagnostics and debugging reasons,
	 * not in production.
	 * @return a string describing the state of this object
	 */
	public String toString() {
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
		try {
			sb.append("BeanWrapperImpl:"
								+ " wrapping class [" + getWrappedInstance().getClass().getName() + "]; ");
			PropertyDescriptor pds[] = getPropertyDescriptors();
			if (pds != null) {
				for (int i = 0; i < pds.length; i++) {
					Object val = getPropertyValue(pds[i].getName());
					String valStr = (val != null) ? val.toString() : "null";
					sb.append(pds[i].getName() + "={" + valStr + "}");
				}
			}
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			sb.append("exception encountered: " + ex);
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}

}